Plant enzyme and use thereof

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a novel plant enzyme called delta 12 fatty acid acetylenase. This enzyme is responsible for the conversion of fatty acids to acetylenic acids and the invention relates to production of such acids. The invention also relates to use of cDNA encoding acetylenase, preferably  Crepis alpina  delta 12 acetylenase, for transforming organisms such as oil accumulating organisms selected from the group consisting of oil crops, oleogeneous yeasts and moulds. Furthermore, the invention relates to organisms such as oil accumulating organisms transformed with acetylenase cDNA, and to oils and other acetylenic compounds from said organisms.

This is a CIP of parent, co-pending application PCT/SE97/00247, filed Feb. 14, 1997, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a novel plant enzyme. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing acetylenic compounds in particular acetylenic fatty acids, to a cDNA encoding a plant fatty acid acetylenase, to the use of the said cDNA for transforming oil accumulating organisms for the purpose of producing acetylenic fatty acids, and to such oil accumulating organisms per se as well as oils therefrom.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There is considerable interest, world-wide, in producing chemical feedstocks such as fatty acids for industrial use from renewable plant resources rather than from non-renewable petrochemicals. This concept has broad appeal for both manufacturers and consumers on the basis of resource conservation and in addition provides significant opportunities to develop new industrial crops for agriculture.

There is an enormous diversity of unusual fatty acids in oils from wild plant species which have been well characterized (see e.g. Badami & Patil, 1981). Many of these acids are of potential industrial use. This has lead to an interest in domesticating relevant plant species to enable the agricultural production of particular fatty acids. However the development of genetic engineering combined with a greater understanding of the biosynthesis of unusual fatty acids make it now possible to transfer genes coding for key enzymes, involved in the synthesis of a particular fatty acid from a wild species, to a choosen domesticated oilseed crop. In this way specific fatty acids can be produced in high purity and quantities at moderate costs.

One class of fatty acids of particular interest are the acetylenic fatty acids; consisting of an acyl chain having two adjacent carbon atoms linked by an acetylenic or triple bond. Because of their high reactivities they may be ideally suited for the production of coatings, plastics and lubricants. By transferring the genes responsible for the production of a specific acetylenic acid from a wild species to commercial oilseeds, or any other oil accumulating organism that can be easily multiplied, it should be possible to develop a renewable primary source of this oil containing acetylenic fatty acids for industrial uses.

PRIOR ART

The formation of acetylenic bonds in fatty acids in mosses occurs via the subtraction of hydrogens from a double bond (Kohn et al., 1994)

Crepis species have seed oils with high contents of acetylenic acids (Badami & Patil, 1981; Hirsinger, 1991).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a new method of producing acetylenic fatty acids from transgenic oil accumulating organisms.

The inventors have characterized an enzyme (acetylenase) that is responsible for the production of 9-octadecen-12-ynoic acid (crepenynic acid) from 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (linoleic acid) in membrane fractions from developing Crepis alpina seeds. The characterization of the acetylenase from Crepis alpina revealed that the acetylenase had very similar biochemical properties to the non-heme containing monooxygenases oleate delta 12 and linoleate delta 15 (omega 3) desaturases. Based on the premise that the biochemical similarities observed between the acetylenase and the enzymes producing linoleic and linolenic acid (delta 12 and delta 15 desaturases) would also be associated with similarity in the primary sequence of these proteins a full length cDNA (pCrep1) (SEQ ID NO:1), encoding a putative acetylenase (SEQ ID NO:2), was isolated from Crepis alpina.

Initially, two types of cDNA fragments, obtained by using PCR and primers designed by aligning protein sequences of delta 12 desaturases, were characterised from C. alpina. DNA sequence analysis revealed that one was highly homologous to all the other plant endoplasmic reticular (ER) delta 12 desaturases and the castor bean hydroxylase. The other cDNA fragment characterised had a sequence that was homologous to the ER delta 12 desaturase sequences of plants but was divergent not only in a number of non-conserved amino residues but also in a number of amino acid residues that were highly conserved in all delta 12 ER desaturases. Using northern blot analysis the gene encoding this cDNA (pCrep1) was observed to be highly expressed only in a seed specific manner when compared to expression in leaf tissue. Taken together these findings, and a consideration of the unique biochemical nature of an cell in a oilseed, provided strong evidence that the isolated cDNA (pCrep1) from C. alpina encode an enzyme responsible for converting linoleic acid into crepenynic acid.

Finally, conclusive evidence that the cDNA, pCrep1, from C. alpina encoded a plant acetylenase enzyme was obtained by the expression of this gene in yeast. The expression of this gene together with the addition of linoleic acid when culturing these yeast resulted in the production of a delta 12 acetylenic acid, 9-octadecen-12-ynoic acid (crepenynic acid), as confirmed by mass spectrometric analysis of extracted yeast fatty acids.

Therefore, in a first aspect, the present invention relates to a method of producing acetylenic compounds, characterized in that a double bond is converted to an acetylenic bond by an acetylenase.

In a preferred embodiment of the method, the acetylenic fatty acids are produced by conversion of unsaturated fatty acids to acetylenic fatty acids by a fatty acid acetylenase.

In a second aspect, the invention relates to cDNA coding for acetylenase of the mixed function monoxygenase type containing three conserved histidine motifs (His Xaa_((3 or 4))His and His Xaa_((2 or 3))His His, and His Xaa_((2 or 3))His His) according to FIGS. 8A-8D of the accompanying drawings.

In a further embodiment the invention relates to a cDNA encoding fatty acid acetylenase, such as Crepis alpina delta 12 acetylenase comprising the sequence according to FIG. 3 of the accompanying drawings or any nucleotide sequences essentially homologous therewith.

A third aspect of the invention concerns use of the above described cDNA for transforming organisms. The organisms may be acetylenic compound accumulating organisms or oil accumulating organisms, respectively.

In a fourth aspect, the invention relates to organisms transformed with a acetylenase CDNA as described above. The organisms are acetylenic compound or oil accumulating, examples of the latter being oil crops, oleaginous yeasts and moulds.

In a fifth aspect, the invention concerns acetylenic componds accumulated in organisms described above.

In a sixth aspect, the invention concerns oils from oil accumulating organisms described above.

In a preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to transforming oil accumulating organisms with the said isolated cDNA from Crepis alpina seed cDNA library for the purpose of producing acetylenic fatty acids acids and in particular 9-octadecen-12-ynoic acid (crepenynic acid).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

C. alpina seed oil is rich in crepenynic acid [0-octadecen12-ynoic acid (Hirsinger, 1989)]. The inventors have studied the biosynthesis of crepenynic acid in C. alpina seeds. The feeding of exogenous 1-¹⁴C-labelled free fatty acids to intact developing cotyledons of C. alpina seeds demonstrated that linoleate is a precursor to crepenynic acid. This is contradictory to previous published results for the biosynthesis of crepenynic acid in Crepis rubra (Haigh & James, 1967). Although the reaction of acetylenic acid formation in mosses has been shown to be a desaturation process (Kohn et al. 1994), such desaturation processes can be carried out by a variety of different unrelated types of plant enzymes, such as phytoene desaturases (Wieland et al. 1994) or non-heme containing proteins, the latter a class of enzymes of which some show very little amino acid sequence homologies except for three conserved histidine motifs (Shanklin et al. 1994). It has been suggested that the biosynthesis of acetylenic fatty acids occur by a sequence of intermediates catalyzed by separate enzymatic reactions. For example, acetylenic bonds were thought to be formed as a side pathway of saturated fatty acid synthesis (Diedrich & Henschel, 1991); or via an epoxygenation of a double bond with subsequent conversion to a diol which in its turn is dehydrated in two steps in order to form an acetylenic bond (Van de Loo et al. 1993). Given these conflicting alternatives the nature of an acetylenase enzyme and its mechanism of action was not known at all nor obvious at the time of the present priority patent application SE 9601236-4.

The enzyme, according to this invention, responsible for the synthesis of crepenynic acid (called the delta 12 acetylenase), was shown by the inventors to remain only active in membrane (microsomal) fractions prepared from developing seeds of Crepis alpina, provided that the homogenization buffer contain NADH or NADPH, catalase and free coenzyme A. The characterisation of the microsomal acetylenase and its comparison with the delta 12 desaturase (responsible for the desaturation of oleate to linoleate) revealed that these enzymes had very similar properties. Both enzymes required O₂ and NADH or NADPH; where both coreductants worked equally well with both enzymes. Cyanide (CN—) and antibodies against cauliflower cytochrome b₅ inhibited both these enzymes whereas carbonmonoxide had no significant effect on either enzyme activity. These data suggested that both enzymes were biochemically similar. The oleate delta 12 hydroxylase from castor bean was also shown to have similar biochemical properties to the delta 12 desaturase despite catalyzing a different reaction (Bafor et al., 1991, Smith et al, 1992). The castor bean delta 12 hydroxylase gene was later shown to have significant sequence homology to the ER delta 12 desaturase genes (FAD 2 genes) (Van de Loo et al., 1995). Because the delta 12 acetylenase, like the delta-12 desaturase (FAD2), catalyzes a dehydrogenation between carbons 12 and 13 of an acyl chain, and like the delta 15 desaturase (FAD3) utilized linoleic acid as substrate the inventors considered the possibility that the acetylenase gene should have some sequence homology to the FAD2 and/or the FAD3 genes.

The invention will now be described more closely below in relation to the accompanying drawings and an Experimental Part.

THE DRAWINGS SHOW

FIG. 1. Restriction map of pCrep1

FIG. 2. Restriction map of pVT-Crep1

FIG. 3. Superimposed single ion chromatograms of ions 333, 365, 367 from FADEA prepared from total fatty acids extracted from yeast strain YN94-1 transformed with pVT-Crep1. The letters denotes peaks representing the following diethylamide derivatives of fatty acids: A, eicosanoic acid; B, eicosaenoic acid; C, 9-octadecen-12-ynoic acid.

FIG. 4. Superimposed single ion chromatograms of ions 333, 365, 367 from FADEA prepared from total fatty acids extracted from yeast strain YN94-1 transformed with empty vector (pVT100U; control). The letters denotes peaks representing the following diethylamide derivatives of fatty acids: A, eicosanoic acid; B, eicosaenoic acid.

FIG. 5. A total ion chromatogramme of FADEA prepared from fatty acids enriched in the putative 9-octadecen-12 ynoic acid originating from lipid extracts of YN94-1 transformed with pVT-Crep1. The letters denotes peaks representing the following diethylamide derivatives of fatty acids: A, hecadecanoic acid; B, octadecaonoic acid; C, octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid; D. 9-octadecen-12-ynoic acid.

FIG. 6. Mass spectrum of compound corresponding to peak D in FIG. 5.

FIG. 7. Gas liquid analysis of A. thaliana seed fatty acids. Methyl esters of seeds from a plant transformed with (A) an empty vector and (B) the Crepis alpina acetylenase (Crep1) were analyzed and their fatty acid profile determined. In (A) the indicated peaks correspond to methyl esters (Me) derivates of hexadecanoic acid, 1; octadecanoic acid, 2; 9-octadecenoic acid, 3; 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, 4; 9,12,15-octdecatrienoic acid, 5; 11-eicosaenoic acid, 6 and 13-docosaenoic acid, 7. In (B) the peak corresponding to the methyl ester derivative of crepenynic acid is indicated and corresponds to 25% of total fatty acid methyl ester peak areas.

FIGS. 8A-8D show an alignment of amino acid sequences from delta 12 ER and plastid desaturases, delta 15 desaturases and from the castor bean hydroxylase. Also included in this alignment is the protein sequence derived from pCrep1 (crepis). Underlined are three histidine motifs that are conserved in non-heme containing monoxygenases. Sequences given in this alignment together with their accession numbers are:

bnom6des.seq, delta 12 desaturase from Brassica napus (L29214) (SEQ ID NO:3);

gmom6des.seq, delta 12 desaturase from Glycine max (L29215) (SEQ ID NO:4);

atom3des.seq, delta 15 desaturase from Arabidopsis thaliana (L22961) (SEQ ID NO:5);

bnom3des.seq, delta 15 from Brassica napus (L22963) (SEQ ID NO:6);

rcom3des.seq, delta 15 desaturase from Ricinus communis (L25897) (SEQ ID NO:7);

siom3des.seq, delta 15 desaturase from oriental sesame (U25817) (SEQ ID NO:8);

ldd15des.seq, delta 15 desaturase from Limnanthes douglasil (U17063) (SEQ ID NO:9);

gsom3des, delta 15 desaturase from Glycine max (L22965) (SEQ ID NO:10);

atom3bdes.seq, delta 15 desaturase from Arabidopsis thaliana (D17579) (SEQ ID NO:11);

bnom31des.seq, delta 15 from Brassica napus (L22962) (SEQ ID NO:12);

gsom3bdes.seq, delta 15 desaturase from Glycine max (L22964) (SEQ ID NO:13);

atd12des.seq, delta 12 desaturase from Arabidopsis thaliana (L26296) (SEQ ID NO:14);

gmom6bdes.seq delta 12 desaturase from Glycine max (L43921) (SEQ ID NO:15);

scom12des.seq, delta 12 desaturase from S. commersonli (X92847) (SEQ ID NO:16);

gmom6ades.seq, delta 12 desaturase from Glycine max (L43920) (SEQ ID NO:17);

rchyd.seq, oleate 12-hydroxylase from Ricinus communis (U22378) (SEQ ID NO:18);

crepis, Crepis alpina acetylenase from this document (SEQ ID NO:2).

EXPERIMENTAL PART

Cloning of Putative Acetylenase Gene

An alignment of amino acid sequences (SEQ ID Nos:3-18) from different species showed that the membrane bound fatty acid desaturases could be grouped according to the homology of their putative mature protein into three distinct groups (plastid delta 12 desaturases, ER delta 12 desaturases and delta 15 desaturases; see FIGS. 8A-8D). The castor bean hydroxylase (Van de Loo et al 1995) shared a high homology with the ER delta 12 desaturases to the degree that it was not easily distinguishable from these sequences. Furthermore, the sequences from all three classes of enzymes showed some degree of sequence homology with each other.

Based on this alignment oligonucleotide primers were designed and synthesised for these three groups of sequences and for a consensus of all of these sequences. The sequence of these primers are given below.

(i) consensus primers (primers designed to a consensus of all three groups of membrane-bound desaturases and the castor bean fatty acid hydroxylase): sense is GSN CAY GAN TGY GSN CAY (SEQ ID NO:19) antisense is RAN ADR TGR TGN RBN AYR TG (SEQ ID NO:20).

(ii) plastid delta 12 desaturase primers: sense is TGG MGN TTY AAR CAY GAY MG (SEQ ID NO:21) antisense is GTN SWC ATC CAR AAR TGR TA (SEQ ID NO:22).

(iii) ER delta 12 desaturase primers including the castor bean fatty acid hydroxylase: sense is CAY GAR TGY GGN CAY CAY GC (SEQ ID NO:23) antisense is CCN CKN ARC CAR TCC CAY TC (SEQ ID NO:24).

(iv) delta 15 desaturase primers: sense is ACN CAY CAY CARAAY CAY GG (SEQ ID NO:25) antisense is CAY TGY TTN CCN CKR TAC CA (SEQ ID NO:26).

Poly A+ RNA was isolated from developing seeds (100 mg) of C. alpina using a QuickPrep Micro mRNA purifcation kit from Pharmacia Biotech. All of the poly A+ RNA from this purification was precipitated and used to synthesise first strand cDNA which was primed with both oligo dT and random hexamers and synthesised with Superscript II reverse transcriptase from Gibco BRL. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was then used, with the described primers and this cDNA, to amplify products with the following cycling conditions: 1 cycle of 94° C. for 2 min, 30 cycles of (94° C., 30 sec; 50° C., 30 sec; 72° C., 30 sec) and finally one cycle of 72° C. for 5 min.

Products were obtained for all the primers used; particularly noticeable was that the primers against the ER delta 12 desaturases gave significantly more product than from the other primers used. The sizes of the PCR products from the delta 12 and delta 15 primers corresponded to the sizes anticipated.

The PCR products obtained by amplification with the ER delta 12 primers and delta 15 primers were made blunt ended with T4 and klenow polymerases and cloned into the EcoRV site of the plasmid vector Bluescript. DNA sequencing of a number of the clones revealed that at least three distinct sequences had been amplified when using these two sets of primers: (i) a highly conserved delta 15 desaturase sequence (ii), a highly conserved ER delta 12 sequence and (iii) a sequence (D12V) having homology to the ER delta 12 sequences but showing distinct differences even in some amino acid residues that were highly conserved amongst all the other desaturase sequences.

The analysis of fatty acids from C. alpina had indicated that the crepenynic acid was probably present only in seeds. Northern blot analysis at high stringency indicated that the mRNA from the D12V sequence described above was expressed highly in seeds but not in leaves which is consistent with the observation that crepenynic acid was only observed in seeds.

A cDNA library was made from developing seeds from C. alpina using a Uni-ZAP XR cloning kit for cDNA from Stratagene and screened with the random labelled D12V sequence. From this screening it was estimated that cDNAs encoding the D12V sequences were highly abundant; further emphasing the high level of expression of this gene. After the isolation of single hybridising Lambda plaques, pBluescript phagemid was excised using the ExAssist/SOLR system from Stratagene, Phagemids obtained by this were subsequently used to produce double stranded DNA plasmid. From these colonies a full length clone (pCREP1, see FIG. 1) was isolated by using DNA sequencing and restriction mapping of isolated plasmid. The insert from pCrep1, a 1.5 kb insert contained in the vector pBluescript SK, was sequenced and from this an open reading frame deduced coding for a 375 aa long protein (SEQ ID NO:2). The analysis of this protein sequence revealed approximately 60% identity and 80% similarity with other plant delta 12 desaturase proteins and had noticeable differences I homology, where, certain residues that were conserved amongst all other desaturases were not in this sequence FIGS. 8A-8D. Three histidine motifs were present which have been shown to be conserved in a number of non-heme containing monoxygenases catalyzing hydroxylation and desaturation reactions (Shanklin et al. 1994).

Expression of the pCrep cDNA and Detection of Crepenynic Acid in Transgenic Yeast

The pCrep1 open reading frame was released from pCrep1 on a SmaI/XhoI restriction fragment and the 1.5 kb Crep1 open reading frame recovered by gelpurification (Langridge et al., 1980). pVT100-U DNA (Vernet et al., 1987) was digested using PvuII and XhoI. 50 ng PvuII/XhoI-linearized pVT100 was ligated with 100 ng 1.5 kb SmaI/XhoI fragment corresponding to the Crep1 open reading frame using T4 DNA ligase (NBL Genen Science Ltd., UK). Part of the ligation mixture was used to transform competent E. coli DHa cells. One clone (pVT-Crep1), which contained the expected 1.5 kb insert, was chosen and the contruct checked by digestion with EcoRI, or HindIII+XbaI. Both digests gave the expected products (approx. 5.3, 2.3 and 0.8 kb for the EcoRI digest, and release of the 1.5 kb open reading frame with the HindIII+XbaI digest). pVT-Crep1 DNA (see FIG. 2), or empty vector pVT100U, was used to transform Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains YN94-1 and C13-ABYS86, using the PLATE method of Elble (1992). Overnight yeast transformants were spread on SCD minus uracil agar and single colonies were streaked onto fresh selective (minus uracil) plates.

The YN94-1 and C13-ABYS86 strains of yeast transformed with pVT-Crep1 DNA and with empty vector (pVT100U; control) were cultivated in shaking cultures at 28° C. for five hours in selective media (without uracil; 400 ml) whereafter 40 ml of cultivation media containing linoleic acid dispersed in Tween 40® was added to the culture to give a final concentration of 0.03% linoleic acid and 1% Tween 40® (w/w). After cultivation for an additional 78 h at 28° C. the cells were pelleted by centrifugation and washed by dispersion in 20 ml of 0.1M Tris-HCl buffer pH. 7.8 containing 1% Tween 40® and repelleted by centrifugation. The cells were further washed by resuspension in 20 ml of 0.1M Tris-HCl buffer pH. 7.8 and pelleted again. The cells were thereafter extracted in a mixture of chloroform/methanol/0.15M acetic acid (1:2:0.8 by vol.) in a Braun MSK glass bead cell homogenizer (B. Braun Biotech International, Melsungen, Germany) at 4000 r.p.m. for 20 s. The yeast lipids were extracted from the mixture into a chloroform phase by adding chloroform and 0.15M acetic acid to yield final proportions of 1:1:0.9 (by vol.) of chloroform, methanol and 0.15 M acetic acid. After centrifugation of the mixture the lipid containing chloroform phase was removed and evaporated to dryness under a stream of nitrogen.

The lipohilic residue were methylated with methanolic HCl (4% w/w) at 85° C. for 45 min wherafter the fatty acid methyl esters were extracted into n-hexane. Gas liquid (GC) chromatogrammes of the methyl esters separated on a glass column (2.5 m×3 mm i.d.) containing 3% SP-2300 on Supelcoport 100/120 mesh (Supelco, Bellefonte, P. USA) revealed a peak with the same retention time as authentic 9-octadecen-12 ynoic acid metyl ester constituting up to 0.3% of total peak areas in samples prepared from yeast transformed with pVT-Crep1 but not in samples prepared from yeast transformed with empty vector (pVT100U; control).

Since acetylenic fatty acid methyl esters can be partially separated from other fatty acid methylesters on silica gel thin layer chromatography, the methylesters prepared from YN94-1 transformed with pVT-Crep1 were separated on silica gel 60 thin layer chromatography plates (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) by developing the plate in hexane/diethyl ether/acetic acid (85:15:1 by vol.). An area located just below the main methyl ester area was removed from the plate and the lipids were eluted with methanol/chloroform (2:1) and analyzed by gas liquid chromatography. The fraction were shown to consist of fatty acid methylesters where the peak with the same retention time as 9-octadecen-12 ynoic acid metyl ester made up 12.5% of the total peak area.

The methyl ester fraction enriched in the putative 9-octadecen-12 ynoic acid methyl ester as well as total fatty acid methyl esters prepared from YN94-1 transformed with pVT-Crep1 and YN94-1 transformed with empty vector (pVT100U; control) were hydrolyzed in 2.5M KOH in aqueous methanol (15% methanol, by vol.) at 90° C. for 1 h. The free fatty acids were extracted into hexane after acidicifiction with HCl and the hexane phase was evaporated to dryness under a stream of nitrogen.

Fatty acid diethylamides (FADEA) were prepared from the free fatty acids according to Nilsson and Liljenberg (1991). The FADEA were either injected directly on a gas liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer (GC-MS) or subjected to further purification by silica gel thin layer chromatography by developing the plate in heptane/diethyleter/acteic acid (50:50:1, by vol.).

The FADEA were analyzed on a Hewlett-Packard 5890 II gas chromatograph equipped with a DB225 (0.25 mm i.d.×30 m, J&W, Folsom, USA) in series with a Rtx 2330 (Restek Corp., PA, USA) fused silica capillary column, coupled with a Hewlett-Packard 5989A mass spectrometer working in electron impact mode at 70 eV. Injection technique was cold splitless at 100° C. and then the temperature was raised as quickly as possible to 240° C. Oven temperature was 100° C. for 7 min, then 20° C. per min to 190° C. and then 1° C. per min to a final temp. of 225° C. where it was kept for another 20 min. The double bond positions were determined according to Nilsson and Liljenberg (1991).

Single ion chromatogrammes of masses corresponding to the molecular ion of FADEA prepared from total fatty acids from YN94-1 transformed with pVT-Crep1 and from YN94-1 transformed with empty vector (pVT100U; control) are shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, respectively. Chromatogram of FADEA from YN94-1 transformed with pVT-Crep1 showed a peak of mass 333 (corresponding to the molecular weight of 9-octadecen-12 ynoic acid diethylamide) which was absent in the chromatogram of FADEA from YN94-1 transformed with empty vector (pVT100U; control). The peak had a retention time of 57.3 min and was located between peaks corresponding to eicosanoic and eicosenoic FADEA derivatives.

A total ion chromatogramme of FADEA prepared from fatty acids enriched in the putative 9-octadecen-12 ynoic acid by thin layer chromatography (as described above) originating from lipid extracts of YN94-1 transformed with pVT-Crep1 is shown in FIG. 5. Mass spectrum (FIG. 6) of the putative 9-octadecen-12 ynoic acid diethylamide derivative (peak D in FIG. 5) showed a gap in mass of 26 amu instead of regular 28 between carbon 7 and 9 indicating a double bond at position 9. Further more there was a gap of 24 amu instead of regular 28 between carbon atom 10 and 12 indicating acetylenic bond at position 12. The peak D produced a mass spectrum identical to that of authentic 9-octadecen-12 ynoic acid diethylamide prepared from oils from Crepis alpina seeds. Thus the peak D in the chromatogram in FIG. 5 was unambigously identified as 9-octadecen-12 ynoic acid diethylamide derivative. Since the compound was absent in yeast strains not transformed with the Crep1 cDNA it is clear that the Crep1 cDNA codes for a delta-12 fatty acid acetylenase.

Production of Acetylenic Fatty Acids in Seed Oils of Transgenic Plants

The Crep1 gene was expressed in Arabidopsis under control of the seed-specific napin promoter. Total fatty acids of bulk seed samples from individual T₀ transgenic plants consisted up to 25% crepenynic acid, with no other acetylenic fatty acids being detected while plants transformed with empty vector had no acetylenic acids in their seeds (FIG. 7).

Experimental

A binary vector for the acetylenase consisted of the Crep1 cDNA placed downstream of the −309 fragment from the napin promoter (Stalberg et al., 1993) in the vector pGPTV-KAN (Becker et al., 1992). A. thaliana columbia (C-24) was transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Valvekens, 1988). Methyl esters of seed fatty acids from T₀ transgenic plants were prepared by heating 10-30 whole seeds from individual plants at 85° C. for 90 min in 1 ml of 0.1 M sodium methoxide. Methyl esters were extracted with hexane and analysed by gas liquid chromatography through a 50 m×0.32 mm CP-Wax58-CB fused silica column (Chrompack).

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26 1 1128 DNA Crepis alpina CDS (1)..(1125) 1 atg ggt ggc ggt ggc cgt ggt cgg act tcg caa aaa ccc ctc atg gaa 48 Met Gly Gly Gly Gly Arg Gly Arg Thr Ser Gln Lys Pro Leu Met Glu 1 5 10 15 cgt gtc tca gtt gat cca ccc ttc acc gtg agt gat ctc aag caa gca 96 Arg Val Ser Val Asp Pro Pro Phe Thr Val Ser Asp Leu Lys Gln Ala 20 25 30 atc cct ccc cat tgc ttc aag cga tct gta atc cgt tcc tct tac tac 144 Ile Pro Pro His Cys Phe Lys Arg Ser Val Ile Arg Ser Ser Tyr Tyr 35 40 45 ata gtc cac gat gct att atc gcc tac atc ttc tac ttc ctt gcc gac 192 Ile Val His Asp Ala Ile Ile Ala Tyr Ile Phe Tyr Phe Leu Ala Asp 50 55 60 aaa tac att ccg att ctc cct gcc cct cta gcc tac ctc gct tgg ccc 240 Lys Tyr Ile Pro Ile Leu Pro Ala Pro Leu Ala Tyr Leu Ala Trp Pro 65 70 75 80 ctt tac tgg ttc tgt caa gct agc atc ctc acc ggc tta tgg gtc atc 288 Leu Tyr Trp Phe Cys Gln Ala Ser Ile Leu Thr Gly Leu Trp Val Ile 85 90 95 ggt cac gaa tgc ggt cac cat gcc ttc agc gac tac cag tgg gtt gac 336 Gly His Glu Cys Gly His His Ala Phe Ser Asp Tyr Gln Trp Val Asp 100 105 110 gac act gtg ggc ttc atc ctc cac tcg ttt ctc atg acc ccg tat ttc 384 Asp Thr Val Gly Phe Ile Leu His Ser Phe Leu Met Thr Pro Tyr Phe 115 120 125 tcc tgg aaa tac agc cac cgg aac cac cat gcc aac aca aat tcg ctt 432 Ser Trp Lys Tyr Ser His Arg Asn His His Ala Asn Thr Asn Ser Leu 130 135 140 gac aac gat gaa gtt tac atc ccc aaa agc aag gcc aaa gtc gcg ctt 480 Asp Asn Asp Glu Val Tyr Ile Pro Lys Ser Lys Ala Lys Val Ala Leu 145 150 155 160 tac tat aaa gtt ctc aac cac cca cct ggc cga ctg ttg att atg ttc 528 Tyr Tyr Lys Val Leu Asn His Pro Pro Gly Arg Leu Leu Ile Met Phe 165 170 175 atc acc ttc acc cta ggc ttc cct cta tac ctc ttt acc aat att tcc 576 Ile Thr Phe Thr Leu Gly Phe Pro Leu Tyr Leu Phe Thr Asn Ile Ser 180 185 190 ggc aag aag tat gaa agg ttt gcc aac cat ttc gac ccc atg agt ccg 624 Gly Lys Lys Tyr Glu Arg Phe Ala Asn His Phe Asp Pro Met Ser Pro 195 200 205 att ttc aaa gag cgt gag cgg ttt cag gtc ttg cta tcg gat ctt ggc 672 Ile Phe Lys Glu Arg Glu Arg Phe Gln Val Leu Leu Ser Asp Leu Gly 210 215 220 ctt ctt gct gtg ctt tac gga gtt aaa ctt gcg gta gca gcg aaa ggc 720 Leu Leu Ala Val Leu Tyr Gly Val Lys Leu Ala Val Ala Ala Lys Gly 225 230 235 240 gcc gcc tgg gtg acg tgc att tac gga att cca gtt tta ggc gtg ttt 768 Ala Ala Trp Val Thr Cys Ile Tyr Gly Ile Pro Val Leu Gly Val Phe 245 250 255 atc ttt ttc gat atc atc acc tac ttg cac cac acc cat ctg tcg ttg 816 Ile Phe Phe Asp Ile Ile Thr Tyr Leu His His Thr His Leu Ser Leu 260 265 270 cct cat tat gat tca tct gaa tgg aac tgg ctc aga ggg gct ttg tca 864 Pro His Tyr Asp Ser Ser Glu Trp Asn Trp Leu Arg Gly Ala Leu Ser 275 280 285 aca atc gat agg gac ttt ggg ttc ctg aat agt gtg ctc cat gat gtt 912 Thr Ile Asp Arg Asp Phe Gly Phe Leu Asn Ser Val Leu His Asp Val 290 295 300 aca cac act cac gtt atg cat cat ctg ttt tca tac att cca cac tat 960 Thr His Thr His Val Met His His Leu Phe Ser Tyr Ile Pro His Tyr 305 310 315 320 cat gcg aag gag gca agg gat gca atc aac aca gtc ttg ggc gac ttt 1008 His Ala Lys Glu Ala Arg Asp Ala Ile Asn Thr Val Leu Gly Asp Phe 325 330 335 tat aag atc gat agg act cca att ctg aaa gca atg tgg aga gag gcc 1056 Tyr Lys Ile Asp Arg Thr Pro Ile Leu Lys Ala Met Trp Arg Glu Ala 340 345 350 aag gaa tgc atc ttc atc gag cct gaa aaa ggt agg gag tcc aag ggt 1104 Lys Glu Cys Ile Phe Ile Glu Pro Glu Lys Gly Arg Glu Ser Lys Gly 355 360 365 gta tat tgg tac aat aaa ttc tga 1128 Val Tyr Trp Tyr Asn Lys Phe 370 375 2 375 PRT Crepis alpina 2 Met Gly Gly Gly Gly Arg Gly Arg Thr Ser Gln Lys Pro Leu Met Glu 1 5 10 15 Arg Val Ser Val Asp Pro Pro Phe Thr Val Ser Asp Leu Lys Gln Ala 20 25 30 Ile Pro Pro His Cys Phe Lys Arg Ser Val Ile Arg Ser Ser Tyr Tyr 35 40 45 Ile Val His Asp Ala Ile Ile Ala Tyr Ile Phe Tyr Phe Leu Ala Asp 50 55 60 Lys Tyr Ile Pro Ile Leu Pro Ala Pro Leu Ala Tyr Leu Ala Trp Pro 65 70 75 80 Leu Tyr Trp Phe Cys Gln Ala Ser Ile Leu Thr Gly Leu Trp Val Ile 85 90 95 Gly His Glu Cys Gly His His Ala Phe Ser Asp Tyr Gln Trp Val Asp 100 105 110 Asp Thr Val Gly Phe Ile Leu His Ser Phe Leu Met Thr Pro Tyr Phe 115 120 125 Ser Trp Lys Tyr Ser His Arg Asn His His Ala Asn Thr Asn Ser Leu 130 135 140 Asp Asn Asp Glu Val Tyr Ile Pro Lys Ser Lys Ala Lys Val Ala Leu 145 150 155 160 Tyr Tyr Lys Val Leu Asn His Pro Pro Gly Arg Leu Leu Ile Met Phe 165 170 175 Ile Thr Phe Thr Leu Gly Phe Pro Leu Tyr Leu Phe Thr Asn Ile Ser 180 185 190 Gly Lys Lys Tyr Glu Arg Phe Ala Asn His Phe Asp Pro Met Ser Pro 195 200 205 Ile Phe Lys Glu Arg Glu Arg Phe Gln Val Leu Leu Ser Asp Leu Gly 210 215 220 Leu Leu Ala Val Leu Tyr Gly Val Lys Leu Ala Val Ala Ala Lys Gly 225 230 235 240 Ala Ala Trp Val Thr Cys Ile Tyr Gly Ile Pro Val Leu Gly Val Phe 245 250 255 Ile Phe Phe Asp Ile Ile Thr Tyr Leu His His Thr His Leu Ser Leu 260 265 270 Pro His Tyr Asp Ser Ser Glu Trp Asn Trp Leu Arg Gly Ala Leu Ser 275 280 285 Thr Ile Asp Arg Asp Phe Gly Phe Leu Asn Ser Val Leu His Asp Val 290 295 300 Thr His Thr His Val Met His His Leu Phe Ser Tyr Ile Pro His Tyr 305 310 315 320 His Ala Lys Glu Ala Arg Asp Ala Ile Asn Thr Val Leu Gly Asp Phe 325 330 335 Tyr Lys Ile Asp Arg Thr Pro Ile Leu Lys Ala Met Trp Arg Glu Ala 340 345 350 Lys Glu Cys Ile Phe Ile Glu Pro Glu Lys Gly Arg Glu Ser Lys Gly 355 360 365 Val Tyr Trp Tyr Asn Lys Phe 370 375 3 443 PRT Brassica napus 3 Met Ala Ser Arg Ile Ala Asp Ser Leu Phe Ala Phe Thr Gly Pro Gln 1 5 10 15 Gln Cys Leu Pro Arg Ala Pro Lys Leu Ala Ser Ala Arg Leu Ser Pro 20 25 30 Gly Val Tyr Ala Val Arg Pro Ile Asp Leu Leu Leu Lys Gly Thr Arg 35 40 45 Arg Thr Phe Leu Val Pro Ala Lys Lys Arg Ile Gly Cys Ile Lys Ala 50 55 60 Val Phe Val Pro Val Ala Pro Pro Ser Ala Asp Asn Ala Glu Asp Arg 65 70 75 80 Glu Gln Leu Ala Glu Ser Tyr Gly Phe Lys Gln Ile Gly Gln Asp Leu 85 90 95 Pro Asp Asn Val Thr Leu Lys Asp Ile Met Asp Thr Leu Pro Lys Glu 100 105 110 Val Phe Glu Ile Asp Asp Val Lys Ala Trp Lys Ser Val Leu Ile Ser 115 120 125 Val Thr Ser Tyr Ala Leu Gly Leu Phe Met Ile Ala Lys Ala Pro Trp 130 135 140 Tyr Leu Leu Pro Leu Ala Trp Ala Trp Thr Gly Thr Ala Val Thr Gly 145 150 155 160 Phe Phe Val Ile Gly His Asp Cys Ala His Lys Ser Phe Ser Lys Asn 165 170 175 Lys Leu Val Glu Asp Ile Val Gly Thr Leu Ala Phe Leu Pro Leu Val 180 185 190 Tyr Pro Tyr Glu Pro Trp Arg Phe Lys His Asp Arg His His Ala Lys 195 200 205 Thr Asn Met Leu Val His Asp Thr Ala Trp Gln Pro Val Pro Pro Glu 210 215 220 Glu Phe Asp Ser Ser Pro Val Leu Arg Lys Ala Ile Ile Phe Gly Tyr 225 230 235 240 Gly Pro Ile Arg Pro Trp Leu Ser Ile Ala His Trp Val Asn Trp His 245 250 255 Phe Asn Leu Arg Lys Phe Arg Pro Ser Glu Val Asn Arg Val Lys Ile 260 265 270 Ser Leu Ala Cys Val Phe Ala Phe Met Ala Val Gly Trp Pro Leu Ile 275 280 285 Ile Tyr Lys Val Gly Val Leu Gly Trp Val Lys Phe Trp Leu Met Pro 290 295 300 Trp Leu Gly Tyr His Phe Trp Met Ser Thr Phe Thr Met Val His His 305 310 315 320 Thr Ala Pro His Ile Pro Phe Lys Pro Ala Asp Glu Trp Asn Ala Ala 325 330 335 Gln Ala Gln Leu Asn Gly Thr Val His Cys Asp Tyr Pro Ser Trp Ile 340 345 350 Glu Ile Leu Cys His Asp Ile Asn Val His Ile Pro His His Ile Ser 355 360 365 Pro Arg Ile Pro Ser Tyr Asn Leu Arg Ala Ala His Gln Ser Ile Gln 370 375 380 Glu Asn Trp Gly Lys Tyr Thr Asn Leu Ala Thr Trp Asn Trp Arg Leu 385 390 395 400 Met Lys Thr Ile Met Thr Val Cys His Val Tyr Asp Lys Glu Glu Asn 405 410 415 Tyr Ile Pro Phe Asp Arg Leu Ala Pro Glu Glu Ser Gln Pro Ile Thr 420 425 430 Phe Leu Lys Lys Ala Met Pro Asp Tyr Ala Ala 435 440 4 424 PRT Glycine max 4 Met Ala Cys Thr Leu Ala Asp Ser Leu Leu Leu Phe Lys Gly Ser Tyr 1 5 10 15 Gln Lys Pro Val Leu Arg Arg Asp Ile Ala Ala Arg Tyr Ser Pro Gly 20 25 30 Ile Phe Ser Leu Asn Ser Asn Gly Leu Ile Gln Lys Arg Phe Arg Arg 35 40 45 Gln Arg Asn Phe Val Thr Arg Asn Lys Val Thr Val Ile His Ala Val 50 55 60 Ala Ile Pro Val Gln Pro Ala Pro Val Glu Ser Ala Glu Tyr Arg Lys 65 70 75 80 Gln Leu Ala Glu Asp Tyr Gly Phe Arg Gln Val Gly Glu Pro Leu Ser 85 90 95 Asp Asp Val Thr Leu Lys Asp Val Ile Asn Pro Leu Pro Lys Glu Val 100 105 110 Phe Glu Ile Asp Asp Val Lys Ala Trp Lys Ser Val Leu Ile Ser Val 115 120 125 Thr Ser Tyr Ala Leu Gly Leu Phe Met Ile Ser Lys Ala Pro Trp Tyr 130 135 140 Leu Leu Pro Leu Ala Trp Val Trp Thr Gly Thr Ala Ile Thr Gly Phe 145 150 155 160 Phe Val Ile Gly His Asp Cys Ala His Arg Ser Phe Ser Ser Asn Lys 165 170 175 Leu Val Glu Asp Ile Val Gly Thr Leu Ala Phe Met Pro Leu Ile Tyr 180 185 190 Pro Tyr Glu Pro Trp Arg Phe Lys His Asp Arg His His Ala Lys Thr 195 200 205 Asn Met Leu Arg Glu Asp Thr Ala Trp His Pro Val Trp Lys Asp Glu 210 215 220 Phe Glu Ser Thr Pro Leu Leu Arg Lys Ala Ile Ile Tyr Gly Tyr Gly 225 230 235 240 Pro Phe Arg Cys Trp Met Ser Ile Ala His Trp Leu Met Trp His Phe 245 250 255 Asp Leu Lys Lys Phe Arg Pro Ser Glu Val Pro Arg Val Lys Ile Ser 260 265 270 Leu Ala Cys Val Phe Ala Phe Ile Ala Ile Gly Trp Pro Leu Ile Ile 275 280 285 Tyr Lys Thr Gly Ile Met Gly Trp Ile Lys Phe Trp Leu Met Pro Trp 290 295 300 Leu Gly Tyr His Phe Trp Met Ser Thr Phe Thr Met Val His His Thr 305 310 315 320 Ala Pro Tyr Ile Pro Phe Lys Tyr Ser Glu Glu Trp Asn Arg Ala Gln 325 330 335 Ala Gln Leu Asn Gly Thr Val His Cys Asp Tyr Pro Lys Trp Ile Glu 340 345 350 Ile Leu Cys His Asp Ile Asn Val His Ile Pro His His Ile Ser Pro 355 360 365 Arg Ile Pro Ser Tyr Asn Leu Arg Ala Ala His Lys Ser Leu Gln Glu 370 375 380 Asn Trp Gly Gln Tyr Leu Asn Glu Ala Ser Trp Asn Trp Arg Leu Met 385 390 395 400 Lys Thr Ile Met Thr Val Cys Gln Val Tyr Asp Lys Glu Lys Ser Leu 405 410 415 Cys Cys Leu Arg Arg Thr Cys Pro 420 5 446 PRT Arabidopsis thaliana 5 Met Ala Asn Leu Val Leu Ser Glu Cys Gly Ile Arg Pro Leu Pro Arg 1 5 10 15 Ile Tyr Thr Thr Pro Arg Ser Asn Phe Leu Ser Asn Asn Asn Lys Phe 20 25 30 Arg Pro Ser Leu Ser Ser Ser Ser Tyr Lys Thr Ser Ser Ser Pro Leu 35 40 45 Ser Phe Gly Leu Asn Ser Arg Asp Gly Phe Thr Arg Asn Trp Ala Leu 50 55 60 Asn Val Ser Thr Pro Leu Thr Thr Pro Ile Phe Glu Glu Ser Pro Leu 65 70 75 80 Glu Glu Asp Asn Lys Gln Arg Phe Asp Pro Gly Ala Pro Pro Pro Phe 85 90 95 Asn Leu Ala Asp Ile Arg Ala Ala Ile Pro Lys His Cys Trp Val Lys 100 105 110 Asn Pro Trp Lys Ser Leu Ser Tyr Val Val Arg Asp Val Ala Ile Val 115 120 125 Phe Ala Leu Ala Ala Gly Ala Ala Tyr Leu Asn Asn Trp Ile Val Trp 130 135 140 Pro Leu Tyr Trp Leu Ala Gln Gly Thr Met Phe Trp Ala Leu Phe Val 145 150 155 160 Leu Gly His Asp Cys Gly His Gly Ser Phe Ser Asn Asp Pro Lys Leu 165 170 175 Asn Ser Val Val Gly His Leu Leu His Ser Ser Ile Leu Val Pro Tyr 180 185 190 His Gly Trp Arg Ile Ser His Arg Thr His His Gln Asn His Gly His 195 200 205 Val Glu Asn Asp Glu Ser Trp His Pro Met Ser Glu Lys Ile Tyr Asn 210 215 220 Thr Leu Asp Lys Pro Thr Arg Phe Phe Arg Phe Thr Leu Pro Leu Val 225 230 235 240 Met Leu Ala Tyr Pro Phe Tyr Leu Trp Ala Arg Ser Pro Gly Lys Lys 245 250 255 Gly Ser His Tyr His Pro Asp Ser Asp Leu Phe Leu Pro Lys Glu Arg 260 265 270 Lys Asp Val Leu Thr Ser Thr Ala Cys Trp Thr Ala Met Ala Ala Leu 275 280 285 Leu Val Cys Leu Asn Phe Thr Ile Gly Pro Ile Gln Met Leu Lys Leu 290 295 300 Tyr Gly Ile Pro Tyr Trp Ile Asn Val Met Trp Leu Asp Phe Val Thr 305 310 315 320 Tyr Leu His His His Gly His Glu Asp Lys Leu Pro Trp Tyr Arg Gly 325 330 335 Lys Glu Trp Ser Tyr Leu Arg Gly Gly Leu Thr Thr Leu Asp Arg Asp 340 345 350 Tyr Gly Leu Ile Asn Asn Ile His His Asp Ile Gly Thr His Val Ile 355 360 365 His His Leu Phe Pro Gln Ile Pro His Tyr His Leu Val Glu Ala Thr 370 375 380 Glu Ala Ala Lys Pro Val Leu Gly Lys Tyr Tyr Arg Glu Pro Asp Lys 385 390 395 400 Ser Gly Pro Leu Pro Leu His Leu Leu Glu Ile Leu Ala Lys Ser Ile 405 410 415 Lys Glu Asp His Tyr Val Ser Asp Glu Gly Glu Val Val Tyr Tyr Lys 420 425 430 Ala Asp Pro Asn Leu Tyr Gly Glu Val Lys Val Arg Ala Asp 435 440 445 6 329 PRT Brassica napus 6 Met Ser Tyr Val Val Arg Glu Leu Ala Ile Val Phe Ala Leu Ala Ala 1 5 10 15 Gly Ala Ala Tyr Leu Asn Asn Trp Leu Val Trp Pro Leu Tyr Trp Ile 20 25 30 Ala Gln Gly Thr Met Phe Trp Ala Leu Phe Val Leu Gly His Asp Cys 35 40 45 Gly His Gly Ser Phe Ser Asn Asp Pro Arg Leu Asn Ser Val Val Gly 50 55 60 His Leu Leu His Ser Ser Ile Leu Val Pro Tyr His Gly Trp Arg Ile 65 70 75 80 Ser His Arg Thr His His Gln Asn His Gly His Val Glu Asn Asp Glu 85 90 95 Ser Trp His Pro Met Ser Glu Lys Ile Tyr Lys Ser Leu Asp Lys Pro 100 105 110 Thr Arg Phe Phe Arg Phe Thr Leu Pro Leu Val Met Leu Ala Tyr Pro 115 120 125 Phe Tyr Leu Trp Ala Arg Ser Pro Gly Lys Lys Gly Ser His Tyr His 130 135 140 Pro Asp Ser Asp Leu Phe Leu Pro Lys Glu Arg Asn Asp Val Leu Thr 145 150 155 160 Ser Thr Ala Cys Trp Thr Ala Met Ala Val Leu Leu Val Cys Leu Asn 165 170 175 Phe Val Met Gly Pro Met Gln Met Leu Lys Leu Tyr Val Ile Pro Tyr 180 185 190 Trp Ile Asn Val Met Trp Leu Asp Phe Val Thr Tyr Leu His His His 195 200 205 Gly His Glu Asp Lys Leu Pro Trp Tyr Arg Gly Lys Glu Trp Ser Tyr 210 215 220 Leu Arg Gly Gly Leu Thr Thr Leu Asp Arg Asp Tyr Gly Leu Ile Asn 225 230 235 240 Asn Ile His His Asp Ile Gly Thr His Val Ile His His Leu Phe Pro 245 250 255 Gln Ile Pro His Tyr His Leu Val Glu Ala Thr Glu Ala Ala Lys Pro 260 265 270 Val Leu Gly Lys Tyr Tyr Arg Glu Pro Asp Lys Ser Gly Pro Leu Pro 275 280 285 Leu His Leu Leu Gly Ile Leu Ala Lys Ser Ile Lys Glu Asp His Phe 290 295 300 Val Ser Asp Glu Gly Asp Val Val Tyr Tyr Glu Ala Asp Pro Asn Leu 305 310 315 320 Tyr Gly Glu Ile Lys Val Thr Ala Glu 325 7 460 PRT Ricinus communis 7 Met Ala Ala Gly Trp Val Leu Ser Glu Cys Gly Leu Arg Pro Leu Pro 1 5 10 15 Arg Ile Tyr Ser Arg Pro Arg Ile Gly Phe Thr Ser Lys Thr Thr Asn 20 25 30 Leu Leu Lys Leu Arg Glu Leu Pro Asp Ser Lys Ser Tyr Asn Leu Cys 35 40 45 Ser Ser Phe Lys Val Ser Ser Trp Ser Asn Ser Lys Gln Ser Asn Trp 50 55 60 Ala Leu Asn Val Ala Val Pro Val Asn Val Ser Thr Val Ser Gly Glu 65 70 75 80 Asp Asp Arg Glu Arg Glu Glu Phe Asn Gly Ile Val Asn Val Asp Glu 85 90 95 Gly Lys Gly Glu Phe Phe Asp Ala Gly Ala Pro Pro Pro Phe Thr Leu 100 105 110 Ala Asp Ile Arg Ala Ala Ile Pro Lys His Cys Trp Val Lys Asn Pro 115 120 125 Trp Arg Ser Met Ser Tyr Val Leu Arg Asp Val Val Val Val Phe Gly 130 135 140 Leu Ala Ala Val Ala Ala Tyr Phe Asn Asn Trp Val Ala Trp Pro Leu 145 150 155 160 Tyr Trp Phe Cys Gln Gly Thr Met Phe Trp Ala Leu Phe Val Leu Gly 165 170 175 His Asp Cys Gly His Gly Ser Phe Ser Asn Asn Pro Lys Leu Asn Ser 180 185 190 Val Val Gly His Leu Leu His Ser Ser Ile Leu Val Pro Tyr His Gly 195 200 205 Trp Arg Ile Ser His Arg Thr His His Gln Asn His Gly His Val Glu 210 215 220 Asn Asp Glu Ser Trp His Pro Leu Ser Glu Lys Ile Phe Lys Ser Leu 225 230 235 240 Asp Asn Val Thr Lys Thr Leu Arg Phe Ser Leu Pro Phe Pro Met Leu 245 250 255 Ala Tyr Pro Phe Tyr Leu Trp Ser Arg Ser Pro Gly Lys Lys Gly Ser 260 265 270 His Phe His Pro Asp Ser Gly Leu Phe Val Pro Lys Glu Arg Lys Asp 275 280 285 Ile Ile Thr Ser Thr Ala Cys Trp Thr Ala Met Ala Ala Leu Leu Val 290 295 300 Tyr Leu Asn Phe Ser Met Gly Pro Val Gln Met Leu Lys Leu Tyr Gly 305 310 315 320 Ile Pro Tyr Trp Ile Phe Val Met Trp Leu Asp Phe Val Thr Tyr Leu 325 330 335 His His His Gly His Glu Asp Lys Leu Pro Trp Tyr Arg Gly Lys Ala 340 345 350 Trp Ser Tyr Leu Arg Gly Gly Leu Thr Thr Leu Asp Arg Asp Tyr Gly 355 360 365 Trp Ile Asn Asn Ile His His Asp Ile Gly Thr His Val Ile His His 370 375 380 Leu Phe Pro Gln Ile Pro His Tyr His Leu Val Glu Ala Thr Glu Ala 385 390 395 400 Ala Lys Pro Val Met Gly Lys Tyr Tyr Arg Glu Pro Lys Lys Ser Gly 405 410 415 Pro Leu Pro Leu His Leu Leu Gly Ser Leu Val Arg Ser Met Lys Glu 420 425 430 Asp His Tyr Val Ser Asp Thr Gly Asp Val Val Tyr Tyr Gln Lys Asp 435 440 445 Pro Lys Leu Ser Gly Ile Gly Gly Glu Lys Thr Glu 450 455 460 8 447 PRT oriental sesame 8 Met Ala Ser Trp Val Leu Ser Glu Cys Gly Leu Arg Pro Leu Pro Arg 1 5 10 15 Val Tyr Pro Lys Pro Arg Thr Gly His Pro Leu Leu Asn Ser Asn Pro 20 25 30 Thr Lys Leu Arg Phe Ser Arg Thr Asp Leu Gly Asn Gly Ser Ser Phe 35 40 45 Cys Leu Ser Ser Gly Ile Leu Arg Glu Lys Asn Trp Ala Leu Arg Val 50 55 60 Ser Ala Pro Leu Arg Val Leu Gln Val Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu Asn Lys 65 70 75 80 Glu Gly Glu Arg Val Ile Asn Gly Gly Glu Glu Phe Asp Pro Gly Ala 85 90 95 Pro Pro Pro Phe Lys Leu Ser Asp Ile Arg Glu Ala Ile Pro Lys His 100 105 110 Cys Trp Val Lys Asp Pro Trp Arg Ser Met Gly Tyr Val Val Arg Asp 115 120 125 Val Ala Val Val Phe Gly Leu Ala Ala Val Ala Ala Tyr Phe Asn Asn 130 135 140 Trp Val Val Trp Pro Leu Tyr Trp Phe Ala Gln Ser Thr Met Phe Trp 145 150 155 160 Ala Leu Phe Val Leu Gly His Asp Cys Gly His Gly Ser Phe Ser Asn 165 170 175 Asp Pro Lys Leu Asn Ser Val Val Gly His Ile Leu His Ser Ser Ile 180 185 190 Leu Val Pro Tyr His Gly Trp Arg Ile Ser His Arg Thr His His Gln 195 200 205 Asn His Gly His Val Glu Asn Asp Glu Ser Trp His Pro Leu Ser Glu 210 215 220 Lys Ile Tyr Lys Asn Leu Asp Thr Ala Thr Lys Lys Leu Arg Phe Thr 225 230 235 240 Leu Pro Phe Pro Leu Leu Ala Tyr Pro Ile Tyr Leu Trp Ser Arg Ser 245 250 255 Pro Gly Lys Gln Gly Ser His Phe His Pro Asp Ser Asp Leu Phe Val 260 265 270 Pro Asn Glu Lys Lys Asp Val Ile Thr Ser Thr Val Cys Trp Thr Ala 275 280 285 Met Leu Ala Leu Leu Val Gly Leu Ser Phe Val Ile Gly Pro Val Gln 290 295 300 Leu Leu Lys Leu Tyr Gly Ile Pro Tyr Leu Gly Asn Val Met Trp Leu 305 310 315 320 Asp Leu Val Thr Tyr Leu His His His Gly His Glu Asp Lys Leu Pro 325 330 335 Trp Tyr Arg Gly Lys Glu Trp Ser Tyr Leu Arg Gly Gly Leu Thr Thr 340 345 350 Leu Asp Arg Asp Tyr Gly Trp Ile Asn Asn Ile His His Asp Ile Gly 355 360 365 Thr His Val Ile His His Leu Phe Pro Gln Ile Pro His Tyr His Leu 370 375 380 Ile Glu Ala Thr Glu Ala Ala Lys Pro Val Leu Gly Lys Tyr Tyr Arg 385 390 395 400 Glu Pro Lys Lys Ser Ala Pro Leu Pro Phe His Leu Leu Gly Asp Leu 405 410 415 Thr Arg Ser Leu Lys Arg Asp His Tyr Val Ser Asp Val Gly Asp Val 420 425 430 Val Tyr Tyr Gln Thr Asp Pro Gln Leu Thr Gly Ala Glu Lys Ser 435 440 445 9 436 PRT Limnanthes douglasii 9 Met Ala Ser Trp Val Leu Ser Gln Tyr Ala Leu Asn Pro Leu Pro His 1 5 10 15 Ile Phe Arg Thr Pro Arg Thr Ser Ile Thr Ser His Lys Leu Thr Val 20 25 30 Ser His Thr Asn Asn Arg Ala Thr Pro Asp Leu Thr Lys Leu Ser Leu 35 40 45 Ile Lys Phe Arg Glu Arg Lys Leu Gly Leu Arg Val Ser Ala Pro Phe 50 55 60 Gln Ile Ala Ser Thr Thr Pro Glu Glu Glu Asp Glu Val Ala Glu Phe 65 70 75 80 Asp Pro Gly Ser Pro Pro Pro Phe Lys Leu Ala Asp Ile Arg Ala Ala 85 90 95 Ile Pro Lys His Cys Trp Val Lys Asn Gln Trp Arg Ser Met Ser Tyr 100 105 110 Val Val Arg Asp Val Val Ile Val Leu Gly Leu Ala Ala Ala Ala Val 115 120 125 Ala Ala Asn Ser Trp Ala Val Trp Pro Leu Tyr Trp Val Ala Gln Gly 130 135 140 Thr Met Phe Trp Ala Leu Phe Val Leu Gly His Asp Cys Gly His Gly 145 150 155 160 Ser Phe Ser Asn Asn His Lys Leu Asn Ser Val Val Gly His Leu Leu 165 170 175 His Ser Ser Ile Leu Val Pro Tyr His Gly Trp Arg Ile Arg His Arg 180 185 190 Thr His His Gln Asn His Gly His Val Glu Asn Asp Glu Ser Trp His 195 200 205 Pro Met Ser Glu Lys Leu Phe Arg Ser Leu Asp Lys Ile Ala Leu Thr 210 215 220 Phe Arg Phe Lys Ala Pro Phe Pro Met Leu Ala Tyr Pro Phe Tyr Leu 225 230 235 240 Trp Glu Arg Ser Pro Gly Lys Thr Gly Ser His Tyr His Pro Asp Ser 245 250 255 Asp Leu Phe Val Pro Ser Glu Lys Lys Asp Val Ile Thr Ser Thr Ile 260 265 270 Cys Trp Thr Thr Met Val Gly Leu Leu Ile Gly Leu Ser Phe Val Met 275 280 285 Gly Pro Ile Gln Ile Leu Lys Leu Tyr Val Val Pro Tyr Trp Ile Phe 290 295 300 Val Met Trp Leu Asp Phe Val Thr Tyr Leu Asp His His Gly His Glu 305 310 315 320 Asp Lys Leu Pro Trp Tyr Arg Gly Glu Glu Trp Ser Tyr Leu Arg Gly 325 330 335 Gly Leu Thr Thr Leu Asp Arg Asp Tyr Gly Leu Ile Asn Asn Ile His 340 345 350 His Asp Ile Gly Thr His Val Ile His His Leu Phe Pro Gln Ile Pro 355 360 365 His Tyr His Leu Val Glu Ala Thr Gln Ala Ala Lys Pro Ile Phe Gly 370 375 380 Lys Tyr Tyr Lys Glu Pro Ala Lys Ser Lys Pro Leu Pro Phe His Leu 385 390 395 400 Ile Asp Val Leu Leu Lys Ser Leu Lys Arg Asp His Phe Val Pro Asp 405 410 415 Thr Gly Asp Ile Val Tyr Tyr Gln Ser Asp Pro Gln Ile Ser Gly Ser 420 425 430 Leu Lys Pro Glu 435 10 453 PRT Glycine max 10 Met Ala Thr Trp Tyr His Gln Lys Cys Gly Leu Lys Pro Leu Ala Pro 1 5 10 15 Val Ile Pro Arg Pro Arg Thr Gly Ala Ala Leu Ser Ser Thr Ser Arg 20 25 30 Val Glu Phe Leu Asp Thr Asn Lys Val Val Ala Gly Pro Lys Phe Gln 35 40 45 Pro Leu Arg Cys Asn Leu Arg Glu Arg Asn Trp Gly Leu Lys Val Ser 50 55 60 Ala Pro Leu Arg Val Ala Ser Ile Glu Glu Glu Gln Lys Ser Val Asp 65 70 75 80 Leu Thr Asn Gly Thr Asn Gly Val Glu His Glu Lys Leu Pro Glu Phe 85 90 95 Asp Pro Gly Ala Pro Pro Pro Phe Asn Leu Ala Asp Ile Arg Ala Ala 100 105 110 Ile Pro Lys His Cys Trp Val Lys Asp Pro Trp Arg Ser Met Ser Tyr 115 120 125 Val Val Arg Asp Val Ile Ala Val Phe Gly Leu Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala 130 135 140 Tyr Leu Asn Asn Trp Leu Val Trp Pro Leu Tyr Trp Ala Ala Gln Gly 145 150 155 160 Thr Met Phe Trp Ala Leu Phe Val Leu Gly His Asp Cys Gly His Gly 165 170 175 Ser Phe Ser Asn Asn Ser Lys Leu Asn Ser Val Val Gly His Leu Leu 180 185 190 His Ser Ser Ile Leu Val Pro Tyr His Gly Trp Arg Ile Ser His Arg 195 200 205 Thr His His Gln His His Gly His Ala Glu Asn Asp Glu Ser Trp His 210 215 220 Pro Leu Pro Glu Lys Leu Phe Arg Ser Leu Asp Thr Val Thr Arg Met 225 230 235 240 Leu Arg Phe Thr Ala Pro Phe Pro Leu Leu Ala Phe Pro Val Tyr Leu 245 250 255 Phe Ser Arg Ser Pro Gly Lys Thr Gly Ser His Phe Asp Pro Ser Ser 260 265 270 Asp Leu Phe Val Pro Asn Glu Arg Lys Asp Val Ile Thr Ser Thr Ala 275 280 285 Cys Trp Ala Ala Met Leu Gly Leu Leu Val Gly Leu Gly Phe Val Met 290 295 300 Gly Pro Ile Gln Leu Leu Lys Leu Tyr Gly Val Pro Tyr Val Ile Phe 305 310 315 320 Val Met Trp Leu Asp Leu Val Thr Tyr Leu His His His Gly His Glu 325 330 335 Asp Lys Leu Pro Trp Tyr Arg Gly Lys Glu Trp Ser Tyr Leu Arg Gly 340 345 350 Gly Leu Thr Thr Leu Asp Arg Asp Tyr Gly Trp Ile Asn Asn Ile His 355 360 365 His Asp Ile Gly Thr His Val Ile His His Leu Phe Pro Gln Ile Pro 370 375 380 His Tyr His Leu Val Glu Ala Thr Glu Ala Ala Lys Pro Val Phe Gly 385 390 395 400 Lys Tyr Tyr Arg Glu Pro Lys Lys Ser Ala Ala Pro Leu Pro Phe His 405 410 415 Leu Ile Gly Glu Ile Ile Arg Ser Phe Lys Thr Asp His Phe Val Ser 420 425 430 Asp Thr Gly Asp Val Val Tyr Tyr Gln Thr Asp Ser Lys Ile Asn Gly 435 440 445 Ser Ser Lys Leu Glu 450 11 386 PRT Arabidopsis thaliana 11 Met Val Val Ala Met Asp Gln Arg Thr Asn Val Asn Gly Asp Pro Gly 1 5 10 15 Ala Gly Asp Arg Lys Lys Glu Glu Arg Phe Asp Pro Ser Ala Gln Pro 20 25 30 Pro Phe Lys Ile Gly Asp Ile Arg Ala Ala Ile Pro Lys His Cys Trp 35 40 45 Val Lys Ser Pro Leu Arg Ser Met Ser Tyr Val Val Arg Asp Ile Ile 50 55 60 Ala Val Ala Ala Leu Ala Ile Ala Ala Val Tyr Val Asp Ser Trp Phe 65 70 75 80 Leu Trp Pro Leu Tyr Trp Ala Ala Gln Gly Thr Leu Phe Trp Ala Ile 85 90 95 Phe Val Leu Gly His Asp Cys Gly His Gly Ser Phe Ser Asp Ile Pro 100 105 110 Leu Leu Asn Ser Val Val Gly His Ile Leu His Ser Phe Ile Leu Val 115 120 125 Pro Tyr His Gly Trp Arg Ile Ser His Arg Thr His His Gln Asn His 130 135 140 Gly His Val Glu Asn Asp Glu Ser Trp Val Pro Leu Pro Glu Arg Val 145 150 155 160 Tyr Lys Lys Leu Pro His Ser Thr Arg Met Leu Arg Tyr Thr Val Pro 165 170 175 Leu Pro Met Leu Ala Tyr Pro Leu Tyr Leu Cys Tyr Arg Ser Pro Gly 180 185 190 Lys Glu Gly Ser His Phe Asn Pro Tyr Ser Ser Leu Phe Ala Pro Ser 195 200 205 Glu Arg Lys Leu Ile Ala Thr Ser Thr Thr Cys Trp Ser Ile Met Phe 210 215 220 Val Ser Leu Ile Ala Leu Ser Phe Val Phe Gly Pro Leu Ala Val Leu 225 230 235 240 Lys Val Tyr Gly Val Pro Tyr Ile Ile Phe Val Met Trp Leu Asp Ala 245 250 255 Val Thr Tyr Leu His His His Gly His Asp Glu Lys Leu Pro Trp Tyr 260 265 270 Arg Gly Lys Glu Trp Ser Tyr Leu Arg Gly Gly Leu Thr Thr Ile Asp 275 280 285 Arg Asp Tyr Gly Ile Phe Asn Asn Ile His His Asp Ile Gly Thr His 290 295 300 Val Ile His His Leu Phe Pro Gln Ile Pro His Tyr His Leu Val Asp 305 310 315 320 Ala Thr Lys Ala Ala Lys His Val Leu Gly Arg Tyr Tyr Arg Glu Pro 325 330 335 Lys Thr Ser Gly Ala Ile Pro Ile His Leu Val Glu Ser Leu Val Ala 340 345 350 Ser Ile Lys Lys Asp His Tyr Val Ser Asp Thr Gly Asp Ile Val Phe 355 360 365 Tyr Glu Thr Asp Pro Asp Leu Tyr Val Tyr Ala Ser Asp Lys Ser Lys 370 375 380 Ile Asn 385 12 377 PRT Brassica napus 12 Met Val Val Ala Met Asp Gln Arg Ser Asn Ala Asn Gly Asp Glu Arg 1 5 10 15 Phe Asp Pro Ser Ala Gln Pro Pro Phe Lys Ile Gly Asp Ile Arg Ala 20 25 30 Ala Ile Pro Lys His Cys Trp Val Lys Ser Pro Leu Arg Ser Met Ser 35 40 45 Tyr Val Ala Arg Asp Ile Phe Ala Val Val Ala Leu Ala Val Ala Ala 50 55 60 Val Tyr Phe Asp Ser Trp Phe Phe Trp Pro Leu Tyr Trp Ala Ala Gln 65 70 75 80 Gly Thr Leu Phe Trp Ala Ile Phe Val Leu Gly His Asp Cys Gly His 85 90 95 Gly Ser Phe Ser Asp Ile Pro Leu Leu Asn Thr Ala Val Gly His Ile 100 105 110 Leu His Ser Phe Ile Leu Val Pro Tyr His Gly Trp Arg Ile Ser His 115 120 125 Arg Thr His His Gln Asn His Gly His Val Glu Asn Asp Glu Ser Trp 130 135 140 Val Pro Leu Pro Glu Lys Leu Tyr Lys Asn Leu Ser His Ser Thr Arg 145 150 155 160 Met Leu Arg Tyr Thr Val Pro Leu Pro Met Leu Ala Tyr Pro Leu Tyr 165 170 175 Leu Trp Tyr Arg Ser Pro Gly Lys Glu Gly Ser His Tyr Asn Pro Tyr 180 185 190 Ser Ser Leu Phe Ala Pro Ser Glu Arg Lys Leu Ile Ala Thr Ser Thr 195 200 205 Thr Cys Trp Ser Ile Met Leu Ala Thr Leu Val Tyr Leu Ser Phe Leu 210 215 220 Val Gly Pro Val Thr Val Leu Lys Val Tyr Gly Val Pro Tyr Ile Ile 225 230 235 240 Phe Val Met Trp Leu Asp Ala Val Thr Tyr Leu His His His Gly His 245 250 255 Asp Asp Lys Leu Pro Trp Tyr Arg Gly Lys Glu Trp Ser Tyr Leu Arg 260 265 270 Gly Gly Leu Thr Thr Ile Asp Arg Asp Tyr Gly Ile Phe Asn Asn Ile 275 280 285 His His Asp Ile Gly Thr His Val Ile His His Leu Phe Pro Gln Ile 290 295 300 Pro His Tyr His Leu Val Asp Ala Thr Lys Ser Ala Lys His Val Leu 305 310 315 320 Gly Arg Tyr Tyr Arg Glu Pro Lys Thr Ser Gly Ala Ile Pro Ile His 325 330 335 Leu Val Glu Ser Leu Val Ala Ser Ile Lys Lys Asp His Tyr Val Ser 340 345 350 Asp Thr Gly Asp Ile Val Phe Tyr Glu Thr Asp Pro Asp Leu Tyr Val 355 360 365 Tyr Ala Ser Asp Lys Ser Lys Ile Asn 370 375 13 380 PRT Glycine max 13 Met Val Lys Asp Thr Lys Pro Leu Ala Tyr Ala Ala Asn Asn Gly Tyr 1 5 10 15 Gln Gln Lys Gly Ser Ser Phe Asp Phe Asp Pro Ser Ala Pro Pro Pro 20 25 30 Phe Lys Ile Ala Glu Ile Arg Ala Ser Ile Pro Lys His Cys Trp Val 35 40 45 Lys Asn Pro Trp Arg Ser Leu Ser Tyr Val Leu Arg Asp Val Leu Val 50 55 60 Ile Ala Ala Leu Val Ala Ala Ala Ile His Phe Asp Asn Trp Leu Leu 65 70 75 80 Trp Leu Ile Tyr Cys Pro Ile Gln Gly Thr Met Phe Trp Ala Leu Phe 85 90 95 Val Leu Gly His Asp Cys Gly His Gly Ser Phe Ser Asp Ser Pro Leu 100 105 110 Leu Asn Ser Leu Val Gly His Ile Leu His Ser Ser Ile Leu Val Pro 115 120 125 Tyr His Gly Trp Arg Ile Ser His Arg Thr His His Gln Asn His Gly 130 135 140 His Ile Glu Lys Asp Glu Ser Trp Val Pro Leu Thr Glu Lys Ile Tyr 145 150 155 160 Lys Asn Leu Asp Ser Met Thr Arg Leu Ile Arg Phe Thr Val Pro Phe 165 170 175 Pro Leu Phe Val Tyr Pro Ile Tyr Leu Phe Ser Arg Ser Pro Gly Lys 180 185 190 Glu Gly Ser His Phe Asn Pro Tyr Ser Asn Leu Phe Pro Pro Ser Glu 195 200 205 Arg Lys Gly Ile Ala Ile Ser Thr Leu Cys Trp Ala Thr Met Phe Ser 210 215 220 Leu Leu Ile Tyr Leu Ser Phe Ile Thr Ser Pro Leu Leu Val Leu Lys 225 230 235 240 Leu Tyr Gly Ile Pro Tyr Trp Ile Phe Val Met Trp Leu Asp Phe Val 245 250 255 Thr Tyr Leu His His His Gly His His Gln Lys Leu Pro Trp Tyr Arg 260 265 270 Gly Lys Glu Trp Ser Tyr Leu Arg Gly Gly Leu Thr Thr Val Asp Arg 275 280 285 Asp Tyr Gly Trp Ile Tyr Asn Ile His His Asp Ile Gly Thr His Val 290 295 300 Ile His His Leu Phe Pro Gln Ile Pro His Tyr His Leu Val Glu Ala 305 310 315 320 Thr Gln Ala Ala Lys Pro Val Leu Gly Asp Tyr Tyr Arg Glu Pro Glu 325 330 335 Arg Ser Ala Pro Leu Pro Phe His Leu Ile Lys Tyr Leu Ile Gln Ser 340 345 350 Met Arg Gln Asp His Phe Val Ser Asp Thr Gly Asp Val Val Tyr Tyr 355 360 365 Gln Thr Asp Ser Leu Leu Leu His Ser Gln Arg Asp 370 375 380 14 383 PRT Arabidopsis thaliana 14 Met Gly Ala Gly Gly Arg Met Pro Val Pro Thr Ser Ser Lys Lys Ser 1 5 10 15 Glu Thr Asp Thr Thr Lys Arg Val Pro Cys Glu Lys Pro Pro Phe Ser 20 25 30 Val Gly Asp Leu Lys Lys Ala Ile Pro Pro His Cys Phe Lys Arg Ser 35 40 45 Ile Pro Arg Ser Phe Ser Tyr Leu Ile Ser Asp Ile Ile Ile Ala Ser 50 55 60 Cys Phe Tyr Tyr Val Ala Thr Asn Tyr Phe Ser Leu Leu Pro Gln Pro 65 70 75 80 Leu Ser Tyr Leu Ala Trp Pro Leu Tyr Trp Ala Cys Gln Gly Cys Val 85 90 95 Leu Thr Gly Ile Trp Val Ile Ala His Glu Cys Gly His His Ala Phe 100 105 110 Ser Asp Tyr Gln Trp Leu Asp Asp Thr Val Gly Leu Ile Phe His Ser 115 120 125 Phe Leu Leu Val Pro Tyr Phe Ser Trp Lys Tyr Ser His Arg Arg His 130 135 140 His Ser Asn Thr Gly Ser Leu Glu Arg Asp Glu Val Phe Val Pro Lys 145 150 155 160 Gln Lys Ser Ala Ile Lys Trp Tyr Gly Lys Tyr Leu Asn Asn Pro Leu 165 170 175 Gly Arg Ile Met Met Leu Thr Val Gln Phe Val Leu Gly Trp Pro Leu 180 185 190 Tyr Leu Ala Phe Asn Val Ser Gly Arg Pro Tyr Asp Gly Phe Ala Cys 195 200 205 His Phe Phe Pro Asn Ala Pro Ile Tyr Asn Asp Arg Glu Arg Leu Gln 210 215 220 Ile Tyr Leu Ser Asp Ala Gly Ile Leu Ala Val Cys Phe Gly Leu Tyr 225 230 235 240 Arg Tyr Ala Ala Ala Gln Gly Met Ala Ser Met Ile Cys Leu Tyr Gly 245 250 255 Val Pro Leu Leu Ile Val Asn Ala Phe Leu Val Leu Ile Thr Tyr Leu 260 265 270 Gln His Thr His Pro Ser Leu Pro His Tyr Asp Ser Ser Glu Trp Asp 275 280 285 Trp Leu Arg Gly Ala Leu Ala Thr Val Asp Arg Asp Tyr Gly Ile Leu 290 295 300 Asn Lys Val Phe His Asn Ile Thr Asp Thr His Val Ala His His Leu 305 310 315 320 Phe Ser Thr Met Pro His Tyr Asn Ala Met Glu Ala Thr Lys Ala Ile 325 330 335 Lys Pro Ile Leu Gly Asp Tyr Tyr Gln Phe Asp Gly Thr Pro Trp Tyr 340 345 350 Val Ala Met Tyr Arg Glu Ala Lys Glu Cys Ile Tyr Val Glu Pro Asp 355 360 365 Arg Glu Gly Asp Lys Lys Gly Val Tyr Trp Tyr Asn Asn Lys Leu 370 375 380 15 383 PRT Glycine max 15 Met Gly Ala Gly Gly Arg Thr Asp Val Pro Pro Ala Asn Arg Lys Ser 1 5 10 15 Glu Val Asp Pro Leu Lys Arg Val Pro Phe Glu Lys Pro Gln Phe Ser 20 25 30 Leu Ser Gln Ile Lys Lys Ala Ile Pro Pro His Cys Phe Gln Arg Ser 35 40 45 Val Leu Arg Ser Phe Ser Tyr Val Val Tyr Asp Leu Thr Ile Ala Phe 50 55 60 Cys Leu Tyr Tyr Val Ala Thr His Tyr Phe His Leu Leu Pro Gly Pro 65 70 75 80 Leu Ser Phe Arg Gly Met Ala Ile Tyr Trp Ala Val Gln Gly Cys Ile 85 90 95 Leu Thr Gly Val Trp Val Ile Ala His Glu Cys Gly His His Ala Phe 100 105 110 Ser Asp Tyr Gln Leu Leu Asp Asp Ile Val Gly Leu Ile Leu His Ser 115 120 125 Ala Leu Leu Val Pro Tyr Phe Ser Trp Lys Tyr Ser His Arg Arg His 130 135 140 His Ser Asn Thr Gly Ser Leu Glu Arg Asp Glu Val Phe Val Pro Lys 145 150 155 160 Gln Lys Ser Cys Ile Lys Trp Tyr Ser Lys Tyr Leu Asn Asn Pro Pro 165 170 175 Gly Arg Val Leu Thr Leu Ala Val Thr Leu Thr Leu Gly Trp Pro Leu 180 185 190 Tyr Leu Ala Leu Asn Val Ser Gly Arg Pro Tyr Asp Arg Phe Ala Cys 195 200 205 His Tyr Asp Pro Tyr Gly Pro Ile Tyr Ser Asp Arg Glu Arg Leu Gln 210 215 220 Ile Tyr Ile Ser Asp Ala Gly Val Leu Ala Val Val Tyr Gly Leu Phe 225 230 235 240 Arg Leu Ala Met Ala Lys Gly Leu Ala Trp Val Val Cys Val Tyr Gly 245 250 255 Val Pro Leu Leu Val Val Asn Gly Phe Leu Val Leu Ile Thr Phe Leu 260 265 270 Gln His Thr His Pro Ala Leu Pro His Tyr Thr Ser Ser Glu Trp Asp 275 280 285 Trp Leu Arg Gly Ala Leu Ala Thr Val Asp Arg Asp Tyr Gly Ile Leu 290 295 300 Asn Lys Val Phe His Asn Ile Thr Asp Thr His Val Ala His His Leu 305 310 315 320 Phe Ser Thr Met Pro His Tyr His Ala Met Glu Ala Thr Lys Ala Ile 325 330 335 Lys Pro Ile Leu Gly Glu Tyr Tyr Arg Phe Asp Glu Thr Pro Phe Val 340 345 350 Lys Ala Met Trp Arg Glu Ala Arg Glu Cys Ile Tyr Val Glu Pro Asp 355 360 365 Gln Ser Thr Glu Ser Lys Gly Val Phe Trp Tyr Asn Asn Lys Leu 370 375 380 16 383 PRT Glycine max 16 Met Gly Ala Gly Gly Arg Met Ser Ala Pro Asn Gly Glu Thr Glu Val 1 5 10 15 Lys Arg Asn Pro Leu Gln Lys Val Pro Thr Ser Lys Pro Pro Phe Thr 20 25 30 Val Gly Asp Ile Lys Lys Ala Ile Pro Pro His Cys Phe Gln Arg Ser 35 40 45 Leu Ile Arg Ser Phe Ser Tyr Val Val Tyr Asp Leu Ile Leu Val Ser 50 55 60 Ile Met Tyr Tyr Val Ala Asn Thr Tyr Phe His Leu Leu Pro Ser Pro 65 70 75 80 Tyr Cys Tyr Ile Ala Trp Pro Ile Tyr Trp Ile Cys Gln Gly Cys Val 85 90 95 Cys Thr Gly Ile Trp Val Asn Ala His Glu Cys Gly His His Ala Phe 100 105 110 Ser Asp Tyr Gln Trp Val Asp Asp Thr Val Gly Leu Ile Leu His Ser 115 120 125 Ala Leu Leu Val Pro Tyr Phe Ser Trp Lys Tyr Ser His Arg Arg His 130 135 140 His Ser Asn Thr Gly Ser Leu Glu Arg Asp Glu Val Phe Val Pro Lys 145 150 155 160 Pro Lys Ser Gln Leu Gly Trp Tyr Ser Lys Tyr Leu Asn Asn Pro Pro 165 170 175 Gly Arg Val Leu Ser Leu Thr Ile Thr Leu Thr Leu Gly Trp Pro Leu 180 185 190 Tyr Leu Ala Phe Asn Val Ser Gly Arg Pro Tyr Asp Arg Phe Ala Cys 195 200 205 His Tyr Asp Pro Tyr Gly Pro Ile Tyr Asn Asn Arg Glu Arg Leu Gln 210 215 220 Ile Phe Ile Ser Asp Ala Gly Val Leu Gly Val Cys Tyr Leu Leu Tyr 225 230 235 240 Arg Ile Ala Leu Val Lys Gly Leu Ala Trp Leu Val Cys Val Tyr Gly 245 250 255 Val Pro Leu Leu Val Val Asn Gly Phe Leu Val Leu Ile Thr Tyr Leu 260 265 270 Gln His Thr His Pro Ser Leu Pro His Tyr Asp Ser Thr Glu Trp Asp 275 280 285 Trp Leu Arg Gly Ala Leu Ala Thr Cys Asp Arg Asp Tyr Gly Val Leu 290 295 300 Asn Lys Val Phe His Asn Ile Thr Asp Thr His Val Val His His Leu 305 310 315 320 Phe Ser Thr Met Pro His Tyr Asn Ala Met Glu Ala Thr Lys Ala Val 325 330 335 Lys Pro Leu Leu Gly Asp Tyr Tyr Gln Phe Asp Gly Thr Pro Ile Tyr 340 345 350 Lys Glu Met Trp Arg Glu Ala Lys Glu Cys Leu Tyr Val Glu Lys Asp 355 360 365 Glu Ser Ser Gln Gly Lys Gly Val Phe Trp Tyr Lys Asn Lys Leu 370 375 380 17 387 PRT S. commersonii 17 Met Gly Leu Ala Lys Glu Thr Thr Met Gly Gly Arg Gly Arg Val Ala 1 5 10 15 Lys Val Glu Val Gln Gly Lys Lys Pro Leu Ser Arg Val Pro Asn Thr 20 25 30 Lys Pro Pro Phe Thr Val Gly Gln Leu Lys Lys Ala Ile Pro Pro His 35 40 45 Cys Phe Gln Arg Ser Leu Leu Thr Ser Phe Ser Tyr Val Val Tyr Asp 50 55 60 Leu Ser Phe Ala Phe Ile Phe Tyr Ile Ala Thr Thr Tyr Phe His Leu 65 70 75 80 Leu Pro Gln Pro Phe Ser Leu Ile Ala Trp Pro Ile Tyr Trp Val Leu 85 90 95 Gln Gly Cys Leu Leu Thr Gly Val Trp Val Ile Ala His Glu Cys Gly 100 105 110 His His Ala Phe Ser Lys Tyr Gln Trp Val Asp Asp Val Val Gly Leu 115 120 125 Thr Leu His Ser Thr Leu Leu Val Pro Tyr Phe Ser Trp Lys Ile Ser 130 135 140 His Arg Arg His His Ser Asn Thr Gly Ser Leu Asp Arg Asp Glu Val 145 150 155 160 Phe Val Pro Lys Pro Lys Ser Lys Val Ala Trp Phe Ser Lys Tyr Leu 165 170 175 Asn Asn Pro Leu Gly Arg Ala Val Ser Leu Leu Val Thr Leu Thr Ile 180 185 190 Gly Trp Pro Met Tyr Leu Ala Phe Asn Val Ser Gly Arg Pro Tyr Asp 195 200 205 Ser Phe Ala Ser His Tyr His Pro Tyr Ala Pro Ile Tyr Ser Asn Arg 210 215 220 Glu Arg Leu Leu Ile Tyr Val Ser Asp Val Ala Leu Phe Ser Val Thr 225 230 235 240 Tyr Ser Leu Tyr Arg Val Ala Thr Leu Lys Gly Leu Val Trp Leu Leu 245 250 255 Cys Val Tyr Gly Val Pro Leu Leu Ile Val Asn Gly Phe Leu Val Thr 260 265 270 Ile Thr Tyr Leu Gln His Thr His Phe Ala Leu Pro His Tyr Asp Ser 275 280 285 Ser Glu Trp Asp Trp Leu Lys Gly Ala Leu Ala Thr Met Asp Arg Asp 290 295 300 Tyr Gly Ile Leu Asn Lys Val Phe His His Ile Thr Asp Thr His Val 305 310 315 320 Ala His His Leu Phe Ser Thr Met Pro His Tyr His Ala Met Glu Ala 325 330 335 Thr Asn Ala Ile Lys Pro Ile Leu Gly Glu Tyr Tyr Gln Phe Asp Asp 340 345 350 Thr Pro Phe Tyr Lys Ala Leu Trp Arg Glu Ala Arg Glu Cys Leu Tyr 355 360 365 Val Glu Pro Asp Glu Gly Thr Ser Glu Lys Gly Val Tyr Trp Tyr Arg 370 375 380 Asn Lys Tyr 385 18 387 PRT Ricinus communis 18 Met Gly Gly Gly Gly Arg Met Ser Thr Val Ile Thr Ser Asn Asn Ser 1 5 10 15 Glu Lys Lys Gly Gly Ser Ser His Leu Lys Arg Ala Pro His Thr Lys 20 25 30 Pro Pro Phe Thr Leu Gly Asp Leu Lys Arg Ala Ile Pro Pro His Cys 35 40 45 Phe Glu Arg Ser Phe Val Arg Ser Phe Ser Tyr Val Ala Tyr Asp Val 50 55 60 Cys Leu Ser Phe Leu Phe Tyr Ser Ile Ala Thr Asn Phe Phe Pro Tyr 65 70 75 80 Ile Ser Ser Pro Leu Ser Tyr Val Ala Trp Leu Val Tyr Trp Leu Phe 85 90 95 Gln Gly Cys Ile Leu Thr Gly Leu Trp Val Ile Gly His Glu Cys Gly 100 105 110 His His Ala Phe Ser Glu Tyr Gln Leu Ala Asp Asp Ile Val Gly Leu 115 120 125 Ile Val His Ser Ala Leu Leu Val Pro Tyr Phe Ser Trp Lys Tyr Ser 130 135 140 His Arg Arg His His Ser Asn Ile Gly Ser Leu Glu Arg Asp Glu Val 145 150 155 160 Phe Val Pro Lys Ser Lys Ser Lys Ile Ser Trp Tyr Ser Lys Tyr Ser 165 170 175 Asn Asn Pro Pro Gly Arg Val Leu Thr Leu Ala Ala Thr Leu Leu Leu 180 185 190 Gly Trp Pro Leu Tyr Leu Ala Phe Asn Val Ser Gly Arg Pro Tyr Asp 195 200 205 Arg Phe Ala Cys His Tyr Asp Pro Tyr Gly Pro Ile Phe Ser Glu Arg 210 215 220 Glu Arg Leu Gln Ile Tyr Ile Ala Asp Leu Gly Ile Phe Ala Thr Thr 225 230 235 240 Phe Val Leu Tyr Gln Ala Thr Met Ala Lys Gly Leu Ala Trp Val Met 245 250 255 Arg Ile Tyr Gly Val Pro Leu Leu Ile Val Asn Cys Phe Leu Val Met 260 265 270 Ile Thr Tyr Leu Gln His Thr His Pro Ala Ile Pro Arg Tyr Gly Ser 275 280 285 Ser Glu Trp Asp Trp Leu Arg Gly Ala Met Val Thr Val Asp Arg Asp 290 295 300 Tyr Gly Val Leu Asn Lys Val Phe His Asn Ile Ala Asp Thr His Val 305 310 315 320 Ala His His Leu Phe Ala Thr Val Pro His Tyr His Ala Met Glu Ala 325 330 335 Thr Lys Ala Ile Lys Pro Ile Met Gly Glu Tyr Tyr Arg Tyr Asp Gly 340 345 350 Thr Pro Phe Tyr Lys Ala Leu Trp Arg Glu Ala Lys Glu Cys Leu Phe 355 360 365 Val Glu Pro Asp Glu Gly Ala Pro Thr Gln Gly Val Phe Trp Tyr Arg 370 375 380 Asn Lys Tyr 385 19 18 DNA Unknown Description of Unknown Organism unknown 19 gsncaygant gygsncay 18 20 20 DNA Unknown Description of Unknown Organism unknown 20 ranadrtgrt gnrbnayrtg 20 21 20 DNA Unknown Description of Unknown Organism unknown 21 tggmgnttya arcaygaymg 20 22 20 DNA Unknown Description of Unknown Organism unknown 22 gtnswcatcc araartgrta 20 23 20 DNA Unknown Description of Unknown Organism unknown 23 caygartgyg gncaycaygc 20 24 20 DNA Unknown Description of Unknown Organism unknown 24 ccncknarcc artcccaytc 20 25 20 DNA Unknown Description of Unknown Organism unknown 25 acncaycayc araaycaygg 20 26 20 DNA Unknown Description of Unknown Organism unknown 26 caytgyttnc cnckrtacca 20 

What is claimed is:
 1. An isolated DNA molecule encoding Crepis alpina delta 12 acetylenase, comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:1.
 2. An organism transformed with the DNA molecule according to claim 1, wherein the organism is selected from the group consisting of oil crops, oleaginous yeasts and molds, and wherein said DNA molecule is operably linked to a heterologous promoter.
 3. The organism according to claim 2, which is an organism accumulating acetylenic fatty acid compounds.
 4. The organism according to claim 2, which is an organism that accumulates oil.
 5. A method of obtaining acetylenic compounds, comprising accumulation of acetylenic fatty acid compounds in the organism of claim
 3. 6. A method of obtaining oils, comprising accumulation of oils in the organism of claim
 4. 7. The organism according to claim 2, wherein the acetylenic fatty acid compounds consist of an acyl chain having two adjacent carbon atoms linked by an acetylenic or triple bond.
 8. The method according to claim 5, wherein the acetylenic fatty acid compounds consist of an acyl chain having two adjacent carbon atoms linked by an acetylenic or triple bond. 